Wednesday, July 3, 2024

EDI : What is E-Invoicing?

 E-invoicing (electronic invoicing) is the exchange of invoice documents between a supplier and a buyer in an integrated electronic format. It replaces the traditional paper-based invoicing process and can be automated for improved accuracy, efficiency, and compliance. E-invoicing ensures that invoices are digitally transmitted and processed, reducing errors, manual intervention, and processing time.


 Benefits of E-Invoicing:


1. Cost Savings: Reduces paper, printing, postage, and storage costs.

2. Efficiency: Streamlines invoice processing and approval workflows.

3. Accuracy: Minimizes manual data entry errors.

4. Compliance: Ensures adherence to regulatory requirements and standards.

5. Environmental Impact: Reduces paper consumption and waste.

6. Faster Payments: Accelerates the invoicing and payment cycle.


 Architecture of E-Invoicing


The architecture of e-invoicing typically involves several key components and processes:


1. Invoice Generation: 

   - Supplier's ERP System: The supplier generates an invoice using their ERP or accounting system.

   - Standardization: The invoice data is converted into a standardized electronic format, such as XML, EDIFACT, or UBL (Universal Business Language).


2. Transmission:

   - E-Invoicing Network/Platform: The standardized invoice is transmitted via an e-invoicing network or platform, which acts as an intermediary between the supplier and the buyer.

   - Communication Protocols: Secure protocols like AS2, SFTP, or API are used for data transmission.


3. Validation and Compliance:

   - Validation: The e-invoicing platform validates the invoice against predefined rules (e.g., format, mandatory fields).

   - Compliance: The invoice is checked for compliance with tax regulations and other legal requirements.


4. Delivery and Receipt:

   - Buyer’s ERP System: The validated and compliant invoice is delivered to the buyer’s ERP or accounting system.

   - Acknowledgment: The buyer's system may send an acknowledgment receipt back to the supplier.


5. Processing and Payment:

   - Invoice Matching: The invoice is matched with purchase orders and goods receipt notes.

   - Approval Workflow: The invoice goes through the buyer's internal approval workflow.

   - Payment: Upon approval, the invoice is scheduled for payment.


6. Archiving:

   - Digital Archive: Both supplier and buyer archive the e-invoices for future reference and compliance purposes.


 Example of E-Invoicing Process Flow:


1. Supplier: Creates an invoice in their ERP system.

2. ERP System: Converts the invoice to a standardized electronic format.

3. E-Invoicing Platform: Transmits the invoice to the buyer.

4. Validation: The platform validates the invoice.

5. Compliance: The invoice is checked for compliance.

6. Delivery: The invoice is delivered to the buyer's ERP system.

7. Acknowledgment: The buyer’s system acknowledges receipt of the invoice.

8. Processing: The invoice is matched, approved, and scheduled for payment.

9. Archiving: The invoice is archived digitally.


 E-Invoicing Standards and Protocols


1. Standards:

   - PEPPOL: Pan-European Public Procurement Online, used widely in Europe.

   - ANSI X12: Common in North America.

   - EDIFACT: Used internationally for EDI (Electronic Data Interchange).

   - UBL: Universal Business Language, a standard for e-business documents.


2. Protocols:

   - AS2: Applicability Statement 2, a secure and widely used protocol for transmitting EDI messages.

   - SFTP: Secure File Transfer Protocol, used for secure file transfers.

   - API: Application Programming Interface, allows systems to communicate directly.


 Diagram of E-Invoicing Architecture:


```plaintext

Supplier ERP System 

    |

    V

Standardization (XML/UBL/EDIFACT)

    |

    V

E-Invoicing Network/Platform 

    |

    V

Validation & Compliance

    |

    V

Buyer ERP System

    |

    V

Processing (Matching/Approval)

    |

    V

Payment

    |

    V

Archiving (Digital)

```


This overview provides a high-level understanding of e-invoicing and its architecture, highlighting the key components and processes involved.

Here is a list of some prominent e-invoicing networks and platforms used for validation and compliance in various countries:

Europe


    PEPPOL (Pan-European Public Procurement Online):

        Countries: Widely used across Europe including Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, and more.

        Details: A set of standards for electronic document exchange.


    Chorus Pro:

        Country: France

        Details: A platform for electronic invoicing with public administrations.


    Sistema di Interscambio (SdI):

        Country: Italy

        Details: The official e-invoicing platform managed by the Italian government.


Latin America


    SAT (Servicio de Administración Tributaria):

        Country: Mexico

        Details: The platform for electronic invoices (CFDI).


    SEFAZ (Secretaria da Fazenda):

        Country: Brazil

        Details: The platform for Nota Fiscal Eletrônica (NF-e).


    DIAN (Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales):

        Country: Colombia

        Details: The national tax and customs agency's platform for electronic invoicing.


Asia-Pacific


    e-Tax Invoice & Receipt Integrated System:

        Country: South Korea

        Details: A platform for electronic invoicing and receipts.


    IRAS (Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore):

        Country: Singapore

        Details: The e-invoicing network following the PEPPOL framework.


    GST Suvidha Providers (GSPs):

        Country: India

        Details: Platforms for the generation and validation of e-invoices under the GST system.


Middle East


    ZATCA (Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority):

        Country: Saudi Arabia

        Details: The platform for e-invoicing compliance.


North America


    IRS (Internal Revenue Service):

        Country: United States

        Details: While the US does not have a mandatory e-invoicing system, there are several service providers for electronic invoicing to ensure tax compliance.


Africa


    Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) iTax System:

        Country: Kenya

        Details: An online platform for tax returns and electronic invoicing.

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